Children spelling out TOZ

Human formation to spell “TOZ”

Pospieszka, Poland, Circa 1920s. TOZ Summer Camp.

Children sit in formation to spell “TOZ,” the name of the Jewish health organization that sponsored their summer camp in the Pospieszka suburb of Vilna, Poland.

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Unless otherwise stated, all artifacts featured in the exhibition come from the YIVO's Archives and Library collections. Digitization of many of these materials has been made possible by the Edward Blank YIVO Vilna Online Collections project.

Disclaimer: for the reader’s ease of finding wartime locations on current-day maps, we have at times used the present-day names of those cities and streets as they may be found on modern maps.