Children resting in hammocks in the woods

Children at a TOZ summer camp

Grodno, Poland, Circa 1920s. Resting in Hammocks

Children in hammocks during a rest period in a Towarzystwo Ochrony Zdrowia Ludności Żydowskiej (TOZ) summer camp in Grodno, Poland. TOZ, the Society for Safeguarding the Health of the Jewish Population, was a nation-wide health organization whose activities included running summer camps for Jewish children.

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Unless otherwise stated, all artifacts featured in the exhibition come from the YIVO's Archives and Library collections. Digitization of many of these materials has been made possible by the Edward Blank YIVO Vilna Online Collections project.

Disclaimer: for the reader’s ease of finding wartime locations on current-day maps, we have at times used the present-day names of those cities and streets as they may be found on modern maps.